Solution:

The known values are

$\text{y}_0=2.20\:\text{m};\:\text{y}=1.80\:\text{m};\:\text{v}_0=11.0\:\text{m/s};\:\text{and}\:\text{a}=-9.80\:\text{m/s}^2$

The applicable formula is $\Delta y=v_0t+\frac{1}{2}at^2$.

$1.80\:m-2.20\:m=\left(11.0\:m/s\right)t+\frac{1}{2}\left(-9.80\:m/s^2\right)t^2$

$-0.40\:m=\left(11.0\:m/s\right)t-\left(4.90\:m/s^2\right)t^2$

$4.90t^2-11t-0.40=0$

Using the quadratic formula solve for t, we have

$\:t=\frac{-\left(-11\right)\pm \sqrt{\left(-11\right)^2-4\left(4.90\right)\left(-0.40\right)}}{2\left(4.90\right)}$

$t=2.28\:sec\:\:\:\:\:or\:\:\:\:\:\:t=-0.04$

Therefore, $t=2.28\:s$

Solution:

Part A

Refer to the figure below.

The known values are: $\text{t}=2.35\:\text{s};\:\text{y}=0\:\text{m};\:\text{v}_0=+8.00\:\text{m/s};\:\text{a}=-9.8\:\text{m/s}^2$

Based from the given values, we can use the equation $y=y_0+v_0t+\frac{1}{2}at^2$. Substituting the values, we have

$0\:=\text{y}_0+\left(8.00\:\text{m/s}\right)\left(2.35\:\text{s}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(-9.80\:\text{m/s}^2\right)\left(2.35\:\text{s}\right)^2$

$y=8.26\:m$

Therefore, the cliff is 8.26 meters high.

Part B

Refer to the figure below

The knowns now are: $y=0\:m;\:y_0=8.26\:m;\:v_0=-8.00\:m/s;\:a=-9.80\:m/s^2$

Based from the given values, we can use the equation $y=y_0+v_0t+\frac{1}{2}at^2$. Substituting the values, we have

$0\:m=8.26\:m+\left(-8.00\:m/s\right)t+\frac{1}{2}\left(-9.80\:m/s^2\right)t^2$

$4.9\text{t}^2+8\text{t}-8.26=0$

Using the quadratic formula to solve for the value of t, we have

$\displaystyle \text{t}=\frac{-8\pm \sqrt{\left(8\right)^2-4\left(4.9\right)\left(-8.26\right)}}{2\left(4.9\right)}$

$\text{t}=0.717\:\text{s}$

Solution:

The known values are: $y_0=1.80\:m,\:y=0\:m,\:a=-9.80\:m/s^2,\:v_0=4.00\:m/s$

Part A

Based from the knowns, the formula most applicable to solve for the time is  $\Delta y=v_0t+\frac{1}{2}at^2$. If we rearrange the formula by solving for t, and substitute the given values, we have

$t=\frac{-v_0\pm \sqrt{v_0^2-2a\Delta y}}{a}$

$t=\frac{-4.00\:m/s\pm \sqrt{\left(4.00\:m/s\right)^2-2\left(-9.80\:m/s^2\right)\left(1.80\:m\right)}}{-9.80\:m/s^2}$

$t=1.14\:s$

Part B

We have the formula

$\Delta y=\frac{v^2-v_0^2}{2a}$

$\Delta y=\frac{\left(0\:m/s\right)^2-\left(4.00\:m/s\right)^2}{2\left(-9.80\:m/s^2\right)}$

$\Delta y=0.816\:m$

Part C

The formula to be used is

$v^2=v_0^2+2a\Delta y$

$v=\pm \sqrt{v_0^2+2a\Delta y}$

$v=\pm \sqrt{\left(4.00\:m/s\right)^2+2\left(-9.80\:m/s^2\right)\left(-1.80\:m\right)}$

$v=\pm \sqrt{51.28\:m^2/s^2}$

$v=\pm 7.16\:m/s$

Since the diver must be moving in the negative direction, $v=-7.16\:m/s$

Solution:

Part A

The knowns are

$a=-9.80\:m/s^2$

$v_0=13\:m/s$

$y=0\:m$

Part B

At the highest point of the jump, the velocity is equal to 0. That is $v=0\:m/s$

Basing from the known values, the formula that we can use to solve for y is $v^2=v_0^2+2a\Delta y$. By rearranging these variables, the formula in solving for $\Delta y$ is $\Delta y=\frac{v^2-v_0^2}{2a}$. Therefore we have,

$\Delta y=\frac{\left(0\:m/s\right)^2-\left(13.0\:m/s\right)^2}{2\left(-9.80\:m/s^2\right)}$

$\Delta y=8.62\:m$

This value is reasonable since dolphins can jump several meters high out of the water. Usually, a dolphin measures about 2 meters and they can jump several times their length.

Part C

The formula we can use to solve for the time is $v=v_0+at$. If we rearrange this formula and solve for t, it becomes  $t=\frac{v-v_0}{a}$.

$t=\frac{0\:m/s-13.0\:m/s}{-9.8\:m/s^2}$

$t=1.3625\:s$

This value is the time it takes the dolphin to reach the highest point. Since the time it takes to reach this point is equal to the time it takes to go back to water, the time it is in the air is $2.65\:s$.

Solution:

Part A

The knowns are

$a=-9.80\:m/s^2$

$v_0=-1.40\:m/s$

$t=1.8\:s$

$y=0\:m$

Part B

$y_0=-y+v_0t+\frac{1}{2}at^2$

$y_0=0\:m\:+\left(-1.40\:m/s\right)\left(1.8\:s\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(-9.80\:m/s^2\right)\left(1.8\:s\right)^2$

$y_0=18\:m$